> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.bioptimus.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Benchmarks

> Independent benchmark results for Bioptimus pathology models.

Bioptimus models are evaluated on independent, peer-reviewed benchmarks. The two most relevant for pathology foundation models are **PathBench** (HKUST) and **HEST** (Harvard; Jaume et al. 2025).

## PathBench

PathBench is a multi-task, multi-organ benchmark for pathology foundation models. Bioptimus reports H-Optimus-1 as the top-ranked model on the overall rank score (lower is better).

| Model           | Overall rank score |
| --------------- | ------------------ |
| **H-Optimus-1** | **6.06**           |
| Virchow2        | 6.34               |
| H-Optimus-0     | 6.86               |
| UNI2            | 7.10               |
| mSTAR           | 7.65               |

<Info>
  **Rankings are task- and organ-dependent.** H-Optimus-1 ranks first overall and leads on several organs (e.g. lung and colorectal); other models lead on specific tasks. Always link to the source so readers can see the full picture.

  Sources: [PathBench paper (arXiv:2505.20202)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.20202) · [bioptimus.com](https://www.bioptimus.com)
</Info>

## HEST

HEST (Harvard; Jaume et al. 2025) measures how well a model predicts **gene expression from histology** across nine organs. The metric is Pearson's correlation coefficient (higher is better). As of May 2026, H-Optimus-1 is the top-ranked image-only model on HEST, and M-Optimus-1 surpasses it by adding multimodal training.

| Model           | HEST (avg. Pearson r) |
| --------------- | --------------------- |
| **M-Optimus-1** | **0.440**             |
| **H-Optimus-1** | **0.423**             |

<Info>
  Figures are reported in the M-Optimus-1 report (M-Optimus-1 vs. H-Optimus-1 on HEST). The full per-model HEST leaderboard is maintained by the HEST authors — see the source for the complete table and methodology.
</Info>

<Card title="H-Optimus-1 launch note (HEST details)" href="https://www.bioptimus.com/news/bioptimus-launches-h-optimus-1">
  Bioptimus's write-up of the HEST evaluation and methodology.
</Card>

## At scale

* 100+ papers published using Bioptimus models
* Used by 16 of the top 20 pharma companies
* 1,000+ clinical practices · 1M+ total model downloads

<Card title="Research & publications" href="https://www.bioptimus.com/knowledge-base">
  Peer-reviewed work and case studies in the Bioptimus Knowledge Base.
</Card>